Protective uniform.



W. J. MORAN.

PROTECTIVE UNIFORM.

APPLIGATION FILED 0012.7, 1907.

Patented Mar. 17,

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

ywwm,

nucntoc M//mmJaSe/M Mam/Z witnesses W. J. MORAN.

OTBGTIVE UNIFORM.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. 7, 1907.

Patented Mar. l?, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

wihwoaco W. J. MORAN.

PROTECTIVE UNIFORM. APPLIUATION FILED 00T. 7, 1907.

Patented Mar. 1'?, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

vW.' J. MORAN. PROTECTIVE UNIFORM.

APPLNATIQN FILED OGT. 7, 1907.

Patented Mar. 17, 1914.

4 SHEETS-'SHEET 4.

witnesses PROTECTIVE UNIFQRM.

Loria Specification of .Letters Patent. ghiemtgd Mapa11?, 1914i? Application med october 7; 1907. serial no. 396,305. j

To all 'whom t may concern: y`Be it known that I, WILLIAM JOSEPH MonAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Yonkers, inthe county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Protective Uniforms, of which the follow'- ing is a specification. y

The invention relatesgenerallyto an improvement in re and gas "proof suits, and

particularly to a protective uniform in the use of which the wearer will be eiectively guarded against injury in those situations otherwise dangerous on account of fire, deleterious gases, or the like. v l l The main object of the present invention is .the provision of a mask designed primarily for the protection of the head of the wearer and constructed to permit its ready application and removal.

A further object of lthe invention is the provision of a fire mask integrally provided with an air chamber in which air may be stored under pressure and supplied to the wearer under his direct manual control, the construction including an auxiliary air chamber or tank in communication with the main chamber, which auxiliary chamber is arranged to replenish the charge in the main chamber upon undue exhaustion of the latter charge, or may be utilized to furnish the air supply for an independent mask forming part of the suit and intended for the use of another being rescued or removed from the dangerous lnfluences.

Another object of the present invention is the utilization of an independent reservoir adapted to be carried by the wearer or removably connected to the suit and having independent communication with the mask, said reservoir being adapted foruse in the event of extended service of the apparatus, or for disconnection from the mask and suit and utilization as an auxiliary supply chamber for a mask carried with the reservoir and adapted to protect a victim against the surrounding ldangerous iniiuences in the event such victim cannot be promptly removed, as through the iinding of two or more persons by the rescuer and the impossibility of removing more than one at a time.

Another object of the invention is the pro` duction of a mask in the use of which the ordinary functions of the wearer will suffer the minimum impairment, practically full normal sight and hearing being permitted,

the respiratory function being full and unlmpede and a' simple means of communica tlon being provided whereby the wearer without danger to himselfumay communicate with another who may or may not be provided with the improved apparatus.

Another object of the invention is the provision of lighting means by which the wearer of the mask may direct at will a more o`r less intense light in advance, the construction including the disposition ofthe light either above or below the sight ports of the mask, whereby said light may be eectively directed in accordance with the particular existing condition.

With the above objects in View the invention consists in certain details of construction and arrangement of specifically described in the followin speciiication, reference being had particuirly'to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a perspective view illustrating the construction and application of my improved apparatus. F ig. 2 is an enlarged elevation of a union suit forming part of the improvement. Fig. 3 is a similar view showing the suit made up of separable garments. Fig. 4 is an enlarged vertical central section of the mask. Fig. 5 is asimilar view showing the opposing half ofthe mask.

parts which will be Fig. 6 is a fragmentary perspective illustratingthe connection of the elastic collar with the mask body. Fig. 7 is a vlew in 'front elevation of the improved mask in position. Fig. 8 is a partial side elevation of the mask illustrating the application of the illuminating means .above the sight ports. Fig. 9 is a similar'view showing the illuminator elevated to permit access to the' air valve. Fig. .l0 is a longitudinal vertical section through the illuminator. Fig. 11 is a front elevation of the illuminator. Fi 12 is a broken plan of the inner shell o the illuminator, illustrating particularly the electrical contacts. Fig. 13 is a detail perspective of the switch member for the illuminator. Fig. 14 is a sectional view illus-` trating the hinge support for the illuminator. Fig. 15 is a vertical sectional view through the ear piece of the mask. Fig. 16 is a perspective of the closure for the mouth opening of the mask. Fig. 17 is anelevation partly in sectionshowing the/closure in applied position. F' 18 is a transverse sectional view throng a modified form of closure for the sight port. Fig. 19 is a front Fig. 23 is 'a partial front elevation of an auxiliary mask for use with th`e suit. Fig. 24 is a sectional view partly' in elevation showing a means of communication between wearers of the apparatus. Fig. 25 is a broken sectional view through one of the si ht ort closures.

e erring particularly to the drawings, wherein is illustrated the preferred embodilment` of my invention, the improvement comprises generally a mask 1, designed to protect the head of the wearer and a suit 2 tosimilarly protect the body and limbs of lower ends or plan of a'rsize and contour to snugly fit the the wearer. The present invention is more particularly Vdirected to the mask and coacting parts, and while I have illustrated and desire to use one or the other of the forms of suit shown, it is tobe understood that the mask may be used alone in those conditions where the wearer is not subjected to extreme heat or cold, or that the mask may be used in conjunction with any desired form of suit.

With particular reference to the mask, as shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 7, it will be noted that the mask comprises a body portion 3 and a crown 4, which parts are adapted for convenient connection or disconnection as will presentl appear. The body 3 comprises a meta lic casing made up preferably in two lor more sections 5 and 6, the terminal edges of which sections are adapted for lpermanent connection in any desired manner.v The body as an entirety is of oval configuration in transverse section, with the ortions of the'body section flaring outwar y, as at 7 to fit more or less snugly on the shoulders of the wearer, whereby the weight'ofthe mask and attendant parts is supported from the shoulders.

The crown 4 is of a proximately semisphericalshape in vertica section, being in bottom upper edge of the body. The crown receiving edge of the body is preferably offset or otherwise formed to provide a shoulder 8 and flange 9, adapted to receive and fit complementary parts on the lower portion or edge of the crown, ordinary screws or other fastening means being utilized to secure the crown in applied position.

In the forward or face portion of the I body there are formed what I term sight lports 10, which in the preferred form are provided with outwardly extending edge flanges '11 extending concentric with and bounding the opening. The ports are arranged in position to aline with the eyes of the wearer when themask is in place, and secured upon the outer surface of the body to surround these ports is a plate 12, preferably an integral structure formed with openings concentric with and in spaced relation to the flanges l1. The plate 12 is adapted to hingedly support the sight port closures, which closures are of identical construction, each comprising an annular band 13 of a size and sha e to fit within the edge of the opening in tIlJie plate 12 and overlie the flange 11. Each band 13 is provided 'with a projecting hinge member 14 adapted to be received between ears 15 carried by the plate and mounted on a hinge pin 16 passed through said ears. vThe relatively forward edge of the band 13 is formed with an integral inturned flange 16, forming a limit for the outward movement of the transparent material o f the closure. In this connection it is to be understood that I contemplate the use of any desired material for this purpose, preferring, however, to utilize duplicate sections of isinglass, or otherv transparent refractory material and a single section of ordinary glass. In securing these sections in applied position I first lix a washer 17 against the inner surface of the flange 16, then apply one of the isinglass sections 18, fitting snugly the inner contour ofthe band, .against the washer. A second washer 19 is then applied against the isinglass section, after which the glass section 20 another washer 2.1 and the second isinglass section 22 arranged in successive order with a retaining ring 23 frictionally fitting within t-he band and securing the whole in place.

The relatively inner or proximate surface of each closure isprovided with a projecting lip 25, which' is adapted when the closures are in applied position to be engaged by a cam locking lever 26 carried by the plate 12 to secure the parts. The lever may be of any desired type, being preferably, however, adjustable 4to and from the plate 12, through the medium of a screw connection, to provide the desired rigidity of the holding.

Below the sight ports, and in proper relative positions for the wearer I provide the body of the mask with a mouth port 27, the material of the body surrounding the port being preferably projected forwardly to provide a fla-nge 28. A supporting plate 29 is secured to the body encircling the flange of the mouth port and pivotally supports a closure 30 for said port. The particular form of this closure is not of prime essence in the present invention, though I prefer that it be constructed in the form of a cap 3l formed with an annular recess 32 in which is slid'ably mounted aband 33. The i readme 'cap ring is providedwith radially projecting pins 34 adapted to engage bayonet slots 35 in the flange 28, the cap being interiorly provided with a sealing disk or washer 36 to bear upon the forward edge of the Bange and provide an air tight juncture when the cap is in applied position.

The cap 1s rotatably supported from the hinge connection through the medium of a hinge member v37 supported on a pivotpin removably mounted in earsJ 38 formed on the plate 29, said hinge member having spaced arms 39 to encircle the -cap and engage the band 33. A peculiar connection is made between the arms 39 and band 33 which is lillustrated more particularly in Fig. 21.

rllhis connection is provided by forming an offset or thickened portion 40 in the band at the proper point, which portion is formed with a longitudinally extendingslot42, said slot being formed at one end with a lateral` enlargement or extension 43. The terminals of the arms 39 are provided with two pins 44 and 45, one of which is designed to rest in the slot 42 and the other in the enlargement 43 thereof. By this construction sufficient movement is permitted the cap or closure 1n removing or applying the same, while the pin 45 serves to limit any independent swinging movement of the cap which might tend'to so displace it as to render considerable time necessary in arranging it in applying position.

In the side portions of the body and in proper relative position I form what I term i ear ports 46, and in conjunction therewith make use of closures therefor as illustratedin Fig. 15. These closures comprise hollow metallic sections 47 formed near their inner edges with radially `projecting {iange' 48.

e The material of the ear closure beyond the `flange 48 is perforated as desired, and within the section is secured a disk 449 of sound transmitting refractory material, said disk preferably'- resting `against a shoulder formed within the section and secured in place by a friction band 50. The ear closure is applied by inserting the inwardly projecting portion of the section vwithin the opening,A

the flange 48 overlying and resting against the body and being removably secured thereto in any preferred manner. Arranged below the eye port and to one side of the mouth "port are valve sections 51 and 52, said valves being preferably of duplicate construction and secured in any preferred manner in openings formed in the body. As .more clearly seen in Fig 24 the valves are arranged for automatic closing'against outlet from the interior of the body, being preferably provided with conical `valve, points 4' spring pressed outwardly against appropriately formed seats. As shown in Fig. 7 the valves are each-exteriorly threaded for conllt nection'with auxiliary parts to be later described. The body is also formed'withan opening 54 in which is secured an audible signaLor alarm. This signal is preferably `in the"form of a whistle and comprises a bracket 55 secured to the outer surface of the body and carrying a depending stem 56 1n open communication with the interior of the body through theopening 54. Spring held within the stem 56 is a whistle member 57, adapted in normal position to be secured within the stem in a manner to form an air tight connection. The whistle ismanually movable, however, to arrange the whistle opening therein below the lower end of the stem 56, so' that the operator by drawing downward on the whistle 57 .to expose the whistle port and blowing through a flexible tube 58 projecting within the body, may sound the whistle, or other preferred form of alarm, to signalas desired.`

. The crown -4-is utilized as the main air reservoir for the mask," being for this purpose formed `or provided with an inner shell 59 spaced from the upper wall 60 of the crown. The shell is curved on a somewhat 'greater' radius than the curvature ofthe crown wall, thereby providing in effect an air chamber 61 between the shell and wall which is approximately of crescent shape 1 n transverse section. By this means the maximum storage space is provided and the full rigidity of the walls secured through their curved formation is assured, though it is to b e understood that if desired reinforcing posts 62 may be used to brace the walls -of the air chamber; In the relatively forward portion the air chamber communicates with Va dependihgport 63 controlled by a -valve 64, the stem of which opens through and is operable beyond the Iexterior wall of outlet 67, which communicates through a pipe extension 68 with a valve .inlet 69 of the main reservoir 61. The outlet 67 1s controlled by a valve 70 which preferably extends throughout the length of'the tank and is operated through the medium of a milled head 71 arranged below the tank. It is of course to be understood that the auxiliary reservoir 66 is provided with a gage 71 to indicate the pressure of an' within the reservoir and also that if desired the pipe lconnection 68 may be disconnected ico when in use, as a storage chamber'for the ain reservoir, it being noted in this conne tion that the valve 69v opens automatically inward, so that with the valve 70 opened the pressure in the .main and auxiliary chambers will balance and the air supply in the auxiliary tank will continually recharge the main tank as the air is drawn from Ithe latter. The auxiliary tank has another and important function which will later appear,

' In order to accommodate the apparatus for continued as well as emergency uses I contemplate the use of an additional air supply, which may be delivered directly to the wearer independently of themain and auxiliary reservoirs.- For this purpose, as

will be evident from Fig. 1 I provide an additional tank 7 3, which is adapted, through the medium of a handle 74, for being carried in the hands of the wearer or for being removably suspended from a hook or strap forming part of the suit. The tank 73 is provided with a charging valve 75 and with a supply tube 76 leading from the tank and adapted for removable engagement with the valve 5,1 of the mask. `Withinv the mask a mouth tube 77 leads from the valve 51 to a point Iadjacentthe mouth port, and the supply tube 76 is provided at a convenient point in its length with a manually operable valve 78, upon proper operation of which the flector 81 of any desired type. energizing f' of the shell 79, said batteries being in cirwearer may gain his air supply directly from the tank 73 without utilizing the air in the main or auxiliary tanks, the valve 64; in this use being of course closed.'

In conjunction with the mask described I make use of an illuminating means removably connected with the mask and directly controlled by the wearer. Such illuminator is more particularly illustrated in Figs.. 10, 11, 12 and 13, wherein it is seen to comprise an inner shell 79, provided with one or more incandescent lamps 80-and rearwardly beyond the lamp with a suitable re- The lamp means preferably comprises batiteries 82 xedl in housings on, opposing sides cuit with the lamps and each having conductors 83-84 which on thelower side of. the shell terminate in spaced. contacts 85-86. The respective contacts 86 of the batteries are arranged in the same plane with their free ends slightly divergent, and a switch member 87 is mounted onrthe shell comprising a rod 88 mounted in bearing brackets and carrying an insulated plug 89 adapted on rotation of the rod to be forced 4between the contacts 86 and spread them -into engagement or contact with the meml bers 85, thereby closing the circuit and'lighting the lamps. The rod 88 is provided with a handle member 90 disposed within convenient reach of the operator lso that the v lights may be switched on and off` at will.

In connection withv the inner shell 79 the illuminator comprises', an outershell 91 in which the inner shell is adapted to -be inserted and held against longitudinal Inove-4 ment by a rim 92 removably engaging the forward edge of the outer shell and having anl inwardly extending flange 93 to yoverlie the forward edge of the inner shell, screws or other fastening members-passing through n the flange 93 andengaging threaded abutthe latter, and between the forward wall i ofthe inner' shell and the flange 93 of the rim is arranged a disk of isinglass or the like 98, Athe edges of which are secured to the flange 99 of the shell 79, which, when the parts are inV applied position,` form an air tight connection lbetween the shells.

The illuminator is adapted for connection with the mask in one or two places, either above the sight ports on thecrown of the mask, or below said ports encircling the mouth port. The wearer may thus have the. illuminating beam above or below his sight as the requirementsof the particular situation may demand. For the purposes of the lower connection the buter shell of the illuminator is provided at one point with a hinge member adaptedto be received between ears 100 formed on the body of the mask, and at a diametrically opposite point with outwardly projecting curved lips 101 arranged in spaced relation to receive between -them t-he stem of a cam lever 102. The cam portion of this lever engages the curved surfaces of the lips and firmly secures the parts in applied position.

For supporting the illuminator in the upper position- I provide the outer shell with a hinge member 103 adapted to be received -between ears 104 formed on the crownand engaged by duplicate pivot pins 105 mounted respectively in the ears and reciprocating in alinement transverse the ears to meet end to end in operative position, the pins being withdrawn through the medium -of finger plates 106 terminally connected to the pins and pivotally supported intermediate their ends in slots formed in the ears. The free or operative ends of the plates extend bements in the-interior of the outer shell securweer@ yond the outer surfaces ofmthe ears and are,

ofthe plates. In the upper position the lower portion of the illuminator is secured against movement by offset-s 107 formed on the outer shelll engaging spring catches'108l removably or otherwise secured a tthe crown.

The body ofthe mask is formed with an exhalation opening 109, in which is fitted a valve 110 so constructed as to permit the convenient escape of the exhalations of the wearer. The valve 110 may be either of the automatic type arranged'v to permit free egress and prevent ingress, or may be' of the manually Ladjustable type by which the escape'of the fluid may be regulated as desired. In connection with the main reservoir in the crown it is important that means be provided for indicating at all times the pressure within said reservoir, and-it is also of importance that the indicating means be readily visible from-bothinside andv 'outside the mask. For this purpose I provide the bodyof the mask with av gage opening 111,-

which opening has a surrounding ed e flange 112. A double face gage 113 is 1n' .communication lwith theA main reservoir Vthrough a pipe 114, said pipe adjacent its connection with the gage being laterally projected to offset the gage proper and per# mit it to be positioned within the flange 112. A cap 115 formed with an inspection'opening .covered with isinglass -or similar ma- ,terialf is adapted to be screwedor otherwise secured in an air tight manner on the ange 11:2, the inspection opening being arranged to permit reading of one face of vthe gage. rfhe opposite face of the gage is, of"v course, entirely visible Vtol the' wearer -of the mask,

l v and,V therefore, he may readily advise himand all times of the pressure, and',.there ore, the supply of air athis command.' v v The body and vcap of the mask are preferably` both lined and covered with a layer of'asbestos, as in the form of `a sheet, the

asbestos layers 115'` forming and lining to the crown, bemg secured in .place'in any desired manner, as by gluing ortho like. lThe covering and lining 116' o'the body are similarly secured in place,

the various supporting (plates, valve connecltionsvand other parts y vto th-body overlying the covering therefor:

'fand additionally securing .said` covering in escribedasj secured place. They front and rear vportions. of the vbody covering extend below the lower edge ofthe bodyv in the form of aprons. 117 which,y

when the mask-is in| place, are adapted-to overlieV rthe forward and l rear portions of the body'of the wearer, as shown inFig. 1, the sida-edgesl of the aprons being vrespecthe covering l xtivel provided with hooks and adjustable buck es, whereby said aprons may be tightfened in position to firmly and properly se- :cure the mask on the shoulders of the wearer.

The auxiliary reservoir 66 is also preferably covered vwith a layer of asbestos .118,-l

`munication with the auxiliary reservoir 66 `through a iiexible pipe 121. The forward apron is also provided withv a pocket 122,'` adapted tocontain' auxiliary parts which4 may be of assistance to the wearer, such for example as an asbestos sheet which may be utilized inenveloping a victim in carrying himthroughflame exposed situations. The,-

pocket closures are preferably securedfin position throughl use'of the' ordinary glove' fasteners or thelike, and I also contemplate :the ,use Iof-said fastenings to maintainthe asbestos sheetl in flat condition within the pocket'as desirable, said sheet being folded-1 so that it may be properly supportedl from two corners which are provided with female portions fof the fasteners and are adapted to engage the vmale portions fixed within the pocket.

The additionalI tank 73, which may vor 'may not be asbestos covered, is also provided witha pocket 123 in which is placed I' `an additional flexible mask, having an inlet valvefarranged vfor 'the connection of the flexible tube'76. By this construction the wearer of the suit may in the event of finding a Victim, who cannot be removed at once, .detach the pipe 76 from: connection with his mask, connect theasame with the auxiliary maskl carriedin his pocket. 123, and apply the mask'to envelop the head 'of thev victim, .thus providingthe victim with a supply of fresh air-.until such time as he can be removed. The tank 73 is also `preferablyprovidedwith apressure gage 124 inset to avoid projection beyond the' surface' of the tank,

and.v serving to all times indicatethe `pres` sure in the tank.

v- In Vconnection with the mask I contemplate the use in those situations whennecessary of a protective uniform further coverin'gthe body and limbs of thewearer. This 1 uniform 2,jas shown in Fig, 2, may be of the ordinary uniontype, the material-of course vbeing ,of sorne `fire` resisting material. shown in Fig.- 3 the uniformv is of the separate armentj."type,` which in some instances may foundfdesirable. 'Ihe various connections for the garment are preferably 'quick adjustingv buckles andhooks, so that the garmentv maybe quickly applied or removed. The union armenty is particularly desirable for indivil ual use in emergency izo cases, as it may be quickly applied and-is ordinarily of lighter construction than the independent garment uniform.

If-desired the crown of the helmet may be providedwith radially disposed stiifening ribs 125, serving to prevent crushing of the crown under the impact of a falling object.

The invention further contemplates the use ing objects from the eye closures or other.

projecting parts of the mask.,

With the mask I use an elastic air excluding collar 128, preferably in the form of a circular section of rubber material. This collar is centrally formed with an .opening adapted to be passed over the head of 'the wearer and snuglyembrace the neck without of course undue pressure. -The edges of the collar are removably secured to v' the body of the mask in any desired manner, preferably, however, seating in an annular channel 129 formed in the body and secured by an overlying split ring 130 adapted tosnugly fit in the channel, the proximate ends of the ring being formed with semicylindrical notches 131 adapt-v edwhen in place to embrace a. pin 132 projectin from the base of the channel. If

desired t epi'n 132'may be in the form of a h eaded screw to be passed through the reglstering notches 131A and threaded into an opening formed'- in the base of the chanv i nel, thecollar, of course being formed with an opening 133 to permit such connection.

In Figs. 18 and 22 I-have illustrated a modified form of closure for the sightport, in which the supporting plate 134 for said closure is practically identical with that in the preferred form. In this form the closure is `in the form of an annular band 135 supported on hinged arms 136 mounted and operated as described in connection with themouth closure, the connectionof said j. v band with the projections from the body be- 50 g of the bayonet slot type as previously described.

If desired the bayonet slot connection may be dispensed'with' and the .ordina screw thread 137 formed on the band an on the projection from the vbody to provide the de sired connection. `The bands are provided with the protective transparent material as sembled in the manner previously described in connection with the preferred form, though in this instance said material bears against an annular Iiange 138 formed interiorly of the band. Overlying the flange is what I term a combined v guard and cleaner, comprising an open work wire frame 1 39, which may be of the form shown same time maybe freely revolved to assist in cleaning said material.`

In Fig. 24 is shown a means for communication between two wearers vof the appa- `ratus, such comprising a flexible tube 143, of

any desired length, said tube carrying at one end a valve casing 144 in which is arranged anormally spring closed valve 145,

the stem 146 of th'evalve projecting into ap- .proximate alinelnent with the free edge of A the casing. The opposite end of the tube is also provided with a valve casing 147, con nected to the portion of the body 3, said casing 147 having an outwardly pressed stem 149. The valve casing 147 is threadedl for connection with the valve section 52 of the body, the parts being so arranged that 'when said valve section is in position the pressure of the respective stems 149 and 53, throughl 4 mutual contact will normally set the valves open.A The valve casing 144 vis designed to be manually applied to the ear piece ofthe other mask, said casing resting against the convex wall of the ear piece causing the higher portion of said wall to fit within the casing and by pressure on the end of the stem 146l to open the valve. As long as. the valve casing 144 is' held in position on the ear piece an uninterrupted communicating-- tube is provided between the mask, through which desired communication may be held, the opening of valve section 52 within the mask being preferablyprovided with a iexible mouth piece, 150 for the more conj venient use of the wearer.

Y As will be particularly noted in 7 I contemplate if desirable to provide the preferred form of eye closure with the guard members 94 described in connection with the illumnators, such illustration being intended to indicate any preferred or desired form of protective guard for the eye closure. The application and 'use of the improved apparatus will be plainly apparent from the above description' taken in'connection with the drawing, it bein understood that with the mask applied. and not immediately desired for use the wearer may secure the desired quantity of fresh air by opening one or the other of the eye closures; that when in use and in traveling "considerable distances to the point of servlce'the wearer may utillze the air drawn from the addisupply in the main or auxiliary reservoirs;

that having reached the point of immediate use the additional tank may be discarded entirely or left for the benefit of a victim impossible to at once remove; that the wearer may,'if conditions warrant the same draw upon the air in the main reservoir and automatically supplement the pressure therein from the auxiliary reservoir; that on nding a victim desired to be removed, the wearer may utilize the auxiliary mask and supply air thereto from the aux- 1l1ary reservolr 66, of course, in this instance cutting off communication between the auxiliary and main reservoirs; that in removing the victim through flame exposed situations the asbestos sheet from the pocket 122 may be removed and wrapped about the victim to protect his body from the iames;- that the wearer may indicate his presence to others, or signal orders through the whis- .tle alarm described; and that a number of individuals each wearing one of the masks may readily communicate with each other in the manner described.

The apparatus is designed to be 'constructed as light as'consistent with the desired strengt use of any appropriate material of any metallic characterl is contemplated. Furthermore, the exact form of the various parts is not absolutely essential and I contemplate varying such form in any manner desirable by the particular conditions.

Hand coverings are also .removably secured to the mask aprons b glove attachments, rendering them readi y accessible for use if desired. These coverings are preferably of the mitten form, as shown at1152 in l Fig. 1. The inner surfaces of the aprons,

at respectively contacting points are also and for this, purpose the'` provided withglove fastenings 153, whereby said aprons may be turned upward and secured in that position when the mask is not in use, thereby avoiding interference `from the aprons in applying the mask.

thus described the invention what Having is claimed as new, is

1. A protective uniform including a mask comprising a body and a detachable crown, said crown being provided with an air reservoir, and means for reinforcing' said crown and the walls of said reservoir.

2. A protective mask, a reservoir carried thereby and in communication therewith, said reservoir being provided with apocket, and an additional mask carried in said pocket, said latter mask being in valve communication with the reservoir.

3. A protective mask having an air reservoir, and a pressure gage in communication with said reservoir, said4 gage being readable from both the inner and outer sides of the mask.

4. A protective mask formed with an air reservoir, and a pressure gage in communication with the reservoir, said mask being provided withy an opening in the side thereof, said gage being readable from both the inner and outer sides of the mask.

5. A protective mask, an illuminator therefor, and means for removably connecting the illuminator to the mask, said means being arranged to permit a swinging of the illuminator with relation to the mask without disconnecting the illuminaton from the mask.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

WILLIAM JOSEPH'MORAN.

Witnesses:

JOHN L. FLETCHER, D. W. GoULD.

coA 

